Era and Timeline of Chinese History (ÃæÔ¢Îò»Ë¹ÄÄëǯéËÀ¾¸µÕô¾Èɽ) ==================================================================== Version 1.1c, Compiled by Seke Wei on Feb 6, 1998 Please select the character code you can read: [Big5] | [GB] | [Hz] | [Euc-Jis] | [Shift-Jis] | [Jis] 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 .*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*.. <+ ̱Ԣ (Republic, 1912-) +---À¶---+ (Qing/Ch'ing, 1616-1911) +---ÌÀ---+ (Ming, 1368-1644) +¸µ+ (Yuan, 1207-1367) +¶â+ (Jin/Chin/Juchen, 1115-1234) +-À¾²Æ+ (Western Xia/Hsia, 1032-1227) +-ÎË--+ (Liao, 907-1125) +--Á×---+ (Song/Sung, 960-1279) ++¸ÞÂå½½Ô¢ (Five Dynasties/Ten Kingdoms,902-979) +---Åâ---+ (Tang, T'ang, 618-907) (Sui, 581-618) ++ç¡ (Southern/Northern Dynasties,386-589) +-----+ÆîËÌÄ« (Sixteen Kingdoms, 304-439) +----+¸Þ¸Õ½½Ï»Ô¢ (Jin/Chin, 265-420) +-Úé-+ (Three Kingdoms, 220-280) ++»°Ô¢ (Han, bc206-220) +---´Á------+ (Qin/Ch'in, bc248-bc207) ++¿Á (Zhou/Chou, bc1121-bc249) +-----¼þ----> .*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*.. 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 bc600,000 fossilized skull unearthed in Shanxi Province in 1963 bc400,000 Sinanthropus pekinensis, known as Peking Man unearthed in 1923 at Zhoukoudianzhen near Peking bc50,000-bc35,000 artifacts of a late Old Stone Age man unearthed in the upper caves of Zhoukoudianzhen bc4,000-bc3,000 villages found in the area of the great bend of the Huang He on the North China Plain bc3,000-bc2,000 pots found in Yangshao village in Northwestern China and in Lungshan in Northeastern China in Shandong Province Huangdi-Xuanyuan ²«Ä븮í×»á (bc2697?-bc2599?,·×99ǯ) Shaohan-Jintian ¾¯Ú߶âÅ·»á (bc2598?-bc2515?,·×84ǯ) Zhuanxu-Gaoyang [zhuan1][xu4]¹âÍÛ»á (bc2514?-bc2437?,·×78ǯ) Diku-Gaoxin Äë[ku4]¹â¿É»á (bc2436?-bc2367?,·×70ǯ) Dizhi-Gaoxin ÄëÙõ¹â¿É»á (bc2366?-bc2358?,·×9ǯ) Tangyao Åâ[yao2] (bc2357?-bc2258?,·×100ǯ) Yushun ¶ó½Ø (bc2257?-bc2208?,·×50ǯ) Xia (Hsia) ²Æ (bc2207?-bc1766?,·×442ǯ) Shang ¾¦ (bc1765?-bc1122?,·×644ǯ) Zhou (Chou) ¼þ (bc1121?-bc249,·×873ǯ) bc200 bc300 bc400 bc500 bc600 bc700 bc800 bc900 bc100 bc1100 bc1200 .....*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......* <-----+ ´Á (Han, bc206-220) +-+ ¿Á (Qin/Ch'in, bc248-bc207) +----Åì¼þÙ¥Ô¢----+ (Warring States, bc475-bc221) +-----Åì¼þ½Õ½©-------+ (Autumn and Spring,bc770-bc476) (Western Zhou/Chou, bc1121?-bc771) +---------À¾¼þ-----------+ (Shang, bc1765?-bc1122?) +--¾¦--> .....*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......* bc200 bc300 bc400 bc500 bc600 bc700 bc800 bc900 bc100 bc1100 bc1200 Western Zhou (Chou) À¾¼þ (bc1121?-bc771,·×351ǯ) À¾¸µ ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ----- bc1134? Éð²¦Â¨°Ì bc1121? ¾¦ÌÇ bc1115? À®²¦ bc1078? ¹¯²¦ bc1077 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc1052? ¾¼²¦ bc1017 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc1001? ËÔ²¦ bc957 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc950? ÐǶµîÙ²à̶ÆôÐÇ bc950? (Shakyamuni,bc1029?-bc950?,bc469?-bc390?)À bc946? ¶¦²¦ bc934? Øô²¦ bc909? ¹§²¦ bc897 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc894? °Ð²¦ bc878? [li4]²¦(-bc828) bc841? [»Ëµ]ǯɽ¼«ËÜǯµ¯ bc837 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc827? À벦 bc781? Í©²¦ bc779? Ë«»á¼õÃþ bc777 ¹Ã»Òǯ Eastern (Later) Zhou (Chou) Åì¼þ (bc770-bc221,·×522ǯ) Spring and Autumn Period (CunChiou, Ch'un-ch'iu) ½Õ½© (bc770-bc476) À¾¸µ ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ----- bc770 Ê¿²¦(µ¹±±)¨°Ì bc770 ³Æ½ô¸ôΩԢ bc767 Å¢ÌÇ[guo2] bc722 Ï¥ð¬¸ø¸µÇ¯,[½Õ½©]µºÜ¼«ËÜǯµ¯ bc719 ´¼²¦ bc717 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc696 è·²¦ bc685 óîÍÑ´ÉÃç(-bc645) bc681 Ñ¥²¦ bc679 óî´¼¸ø(¾®Çò,-bc643)ãÊÛ± bc676 ت²¦ bc661 ÚéÌÇò²,ð¹ bc657 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc655 ÚéàÛ¸ø(-bc651)»¦ÂÀ»Ò¿½À¸,¸ø»Ò(-bc628)½Å¼ªÆ¨à¿ bc655 ÚéÌÇ[guo2],¶ó bc651 ê÷²¦ bc636 ½Å¼ªÂ¨°Ì°ÙÚéʸ¸ø(-bc628) bc632 ¾ëßÁÇ·Ìò,ÚéΨ½ôÔ¢ÇÔÁ¿,ÚéãÊÛ± bc623 Á¿Ìǹ¾ bc618 º¢²¦ bc612 ¶©²¦ bc606 Ä겦 bc597 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc585 ´Ê²¦ bc571 ðͲ¦ bc557 óîÌÇ[lai2]°Ð bc551 ¹¦»Ò(Confucius, bc551-bc479)ÃÂÀ¸ bc544 ·Ê²¦ bc537 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc536 Å¢ºËÁê»Ò»ºïÉÀ®Ê¸Ë¡±÷Ť bc520 Å鲦 bc519 ·É²¦ bc515 ¸â²¦ïîïã¨°Ì bc512 ¹Éð(Sun Tzu, bc535-)ÅêÚÃïîïã bc512 ¸âÌǽù bc505 ±Û¿¯¸â bc505 Á½»Ò(bc505-bc436)À¸ bc494 ¸â²¦É׺¹(-bc473)±÷Ðò·ÎÇÔ±Û²¦¸ûìø bc481 ¹¦»Ò(bc551-bc479)[½Õ½©]ڨɮ bc477 ¹Ã»Òǯ Warring States Period (ZhanGuo, Chan-kuo) Åì¼þÙ¥Ô¢ (bc475-bc221) À¾¸µ ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ----- bc475 ¸µ²¦Â¨°Ì bc473 ±Û²¦¸ûìøÔ£¸â²¦É׺¹(-bc473),±ÛÌǸâ bc468 ÄçÄ겦 bc447 Á¿ÌÇèñ bc445 Á¿ÌÇÛ¹ bc441 °¥²¦ bc441 »×²¦ bc440 ¹Í²¦ bc431 Á¿ÌÇ[ju3] bc425 °ÒÎõ²¦ bc417 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc403 [»ñ¼£ÄÌ´Õ]ÊÔǯ»Ë¼«ËÜǯ³«»Ï bc401 °Â²¦ bc380 ت»Ü(Hui Shih, bc380-)À¸ bc375 Îõ²¦ bc375 ´ÚÌÇÅ¢ bc372 ÌÒ»Ò(Mencius, bc372-bc289)À¸ bc369 è·»Ò(Chuang-tzu, bc369-bc286)À¸ bc368 ðý²¦ bc361 ¿ÁÍѾ¦ðÙ(-bc338) bc357 ¹Ã»Ò bc328 ¿ÁÍÑÄ¥µ·(-bc309) bc320 ¿µ[jing4]²¦ bc316 ¿ÁÌÇéæ bc314 ìß²¦ bc300 覻Ò(Hsun-tzu, bc300-bc230)À¸ bc299 ¿ÁÍÑÌÒ¾¨·¯ bc297 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc289 ¶þ¸¶(bc343?-bc289?)Åê[gu3]Íå¹¾ bc279 ÅÄÓÅÉüóî bc260 ĹʿǷÌò,¿ÁÇòµ¯(-bc257)ÇËìä bc255 ت²¦ Qin (Ch'in) ¿Á (bc248-bc207,·×42ǯ) bc200 bc300 bc400 bc500 bc600 bc700 bc800 bc900 bc100 bc1100 bc1200 .....*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......* <-----+ ´Á (Han, bc206-220) +-+ ¿Á (Qin/Ch'in, bc248-bc207) +----Åì¼þÙ¥Ô¢----+ (Warring States, bc475-bc221) +-----Åì¼þ½Õ½©-------+ (Autumn and Spring,bc770-bc476) (Western Zhou/Chou, bc1121?-bc771) +---------À¾¼þ-----------+ .....*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......*......* bc200 bc300 bc400 bc500 bc600 bc700 bc800 bc900 bc100 bc1100 bc1200 À¾¸µ ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ----- bc249 è·ê÷²¦Â¨°Ì bc249 Á¿ÌÇÏ¥ bc246 »Ï¹ÄÄë(À¯,Shih-huang-ti,bc259-bc210) bc237 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc230 ÌÇ´Ú bc228 ÌÇìä bc227 ·ÕíÆ(-bc227)»É¿Á²¦(bc259-bc210) bc225 ÌÇò² bc223 ÌÇÁ¿ bc222 ÌDZí bc221 ÌÇóî,Å·²¼Åý°ì bc219 ÂÙ»³Éõã¸;ÇɽùÊ¡Å쳤µáÀçé» bc218 Ä¥Îɽ±±÷Çîϲº» bc213 Íû»Û(bc280?-bc208)·úµÄʲ½ñÎá bc209 ÆóÀ¤(¸Õ°ç,-bc207) bc207 »°À¤(»Ò±Å,-bc206) Han ´Á (bc206-220,·×426ǯ) 300 200 100 0 bc100 bc200 bc300 .........*..........*..........*.........*.........*.........*.........*....... <----Úé------+ (Jin, Chin, 265-420) +-»°Ô¢-+ (Three Kingdoms, 220-280) +------Åì´Á----------+ (Eastern Han, 25-220) ++ ¿·èÏ (Xin/Hsin, 9-25) (Western Han, bc206-8) +--------À¾´Á---------+ (Qin/Ch'in, bc248-bc207) +---+ ¿Á (Zhou/Chou, Bc1121-bc249) +----¼þ------> .........*..........*..........*.........*.........*.........*.........*....... 300 200 100 0 bc100 bc200 bc300 Western Han À¾´Á (bc206-8,·×215ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- bc206 ¹âÁÄ(ÎË®,bc256-bc195)¨°Ì bc206 ¹ãÌçÇ·±ã bc202 ¹à±©(bc232-bc202)±¨¹¾¼«â¸ bc195 تÄë(αÎ,-bc188) bc195 ϤÂÀ¹¡(-bc180)ÕóÀ¯ bc188 ¾¯Ä붳(ζ³,-bc184) bc184 ¾¯Äë¹°(εÁ,²þ̾ι°) bc180 ʸÄë(ι±,-bc157) bc177 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc157 ·ÊÄë(η¼,-bc141) bc154 ¸âÁ¿¼·Ô¢Ç·Ð¬ bc141 ÉðÄë(ÎÅ°, bc156-bc87/86) bc140 ·ú¸µ bc139 Ä¥ñÚ(-bc114)ÄÌÀ¾°è(bc139-bc132) bc134 ¸µ¸÷ bc129 ±ÒÀÄȲҳÅÛ bc128 ¸µºó bc122 ¸µ¼í bc119 ð¹µîÉÂ(bc140-bc117)·âÒ³ÅÛ±÷µ§Ï¢»³ bc117 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc116 ¸µÅ¤ bc110 ¸µÉõ bc104 ÂÀ½é bc100 Å·´Á bc98 »ÊÇÏÁ«(Ssu-ma Ch'ien, bc145-bc85)¼õµÜ·º bc96 ÂÀ»Ï bc92 À¬Ï bc88 ¸å¸µ bc87 ¾¼Äë(ÎʦÎÍ,-bc74) bc87 ð¹¸÷(-68)ÙðÀ¯»Ï bc86 »Ï¸µ bc80 ¸µË± bc74 ¸µÊ¿ ÀëÄë(ÎëÎ,-bc49/48) bc73 ËÜ»Ï bc69 ÃÏÀá bc65 ¸µ¹¯ bc61 ¿À¼ß bc57 ¹Ã»Òǯ bc57 ¸Þ˱ bc53 ´ÅϪ bc49 ²«Î¶ ¸µÄë(Î[shi4],bc75-bc33/32) bc48 ½é¸µ bc43 ±Ê¸÷ bc38 ·ú¾¼ bc33 ðïÇ« À®Äë(Î[ao2],-bc7) bc32 ·ú»Ï bc28 ²ÏÊ¿ bc24 ÍÛºó bc20 ¹ã²Å bc16 ±Ê»Ï bc12 ¸µ±ä bc8 å·Ï bc7 °¥Äë(ζÕ,-bc1) bc6 ·úÊ¿ ´ðÆĶµÌí[su1]´ðÆÄ(Jesus Christ, bc6-30)ÃÂÀ¸ bc2 ¸µÔè bc1 Ê¿Äë(ÎÞ§,-bc5) 1 ¸µ»Ï 4 ¹Ã»Òǯ 6 µïÙð Õ޻ұŠ8 ½é»Ï Xin (Hsin) (Wang Mang interregnum) ¿·èÏ (9-23,·×15ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 9 »Ï·úÔ¢ ²¦èÏ(Wang Mang, bc45-23)¨°Ì 14 ŷ˱ 18 ÀÖÈýǷЬ(18-27)µ¯ 20 ÃÏ¹Ä ¹¹»ÏÄë (23-25,·×3ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 23 ¹¹»Ï ¹¹»ÏÄë(θ¼,-25)¨°Ì Eastern (Later) Han Åì´Á (25-220,·×196ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 25 ·úÉð ¸÷ÉðÄë(ν¨,bc5-57)¨°Ì 56 Ã渵 57 ÌÀÄë(Îè·,29-75/76) 57 ÏÁÅÛÔ¢²¦¸¯»È»êÍìÍÛ 58 ±ÊÊ¿ 64 ¹Ã»Òǯ 65 ÇÉèñ[yin1]±ýÅ·¼³µáÐÇŵÐÇÁÎ(65-67) 68 ÍìÍÛ·úÇòÇÏ»û 75 ¾ÏÄë(Î[²Ð³î],57-88) 76 ·ú½é 77 ÈÉĶ(Pan Ch'ao, 32-102)[di3]ÅìÝ¿î´¶ 84 ¸µÏ 87 ¾ÏÏ 88 ÏÂÄë(ÎÈ¥,-105) 89 ±Ê¸µ 89 ãå·û(-92)ÇËËÌÒ³ÅÛ 92 [´Á½ñ]ºî¼ÔÈɸÇ(32?-92)»à¹öÃæ 100 µö¿µÃø[Àâʸ²ò»ú] 105 ¸µ¶½ ÝÏÄë(Îδ,105-106) 105 èñÎÑàÛ»æ 106 ±äÊ¿ °ÂÄë(Î[hu4],-125) 107 ±Ê½é 114 ¸µ½é 120 ±ÊÇ« 121 ·ú¸÷ 122 ±ä¸÷ 124 ¹Ã»Òǯ 125 ¾¯Äë(ÎØô,-125) ¨Ë̶¿¸ô 125 ½çÄë(ÎÊÝ,-144) 126 ±Ê·ú 132 Í۲Š136 ±ÊÏ 142 ´Á°Â 144 ·ú¹¯ ²Äë(ÎßÛ,143-145) 145 ±Ê²Å ¼ÁÄë(Î[zuan3],138-146) 146 ËÜ½é ´¼Äë(λÖ,132-167) ÎÂÂÀ¹¡(-150)ÙðÀ¯ 147 ·úÏ 147 °Â©(°ËϺ)°ÂÀ¤¹â»êÍìÍÛ 150 ÏÂÊ¿ 151 ¸µ²Å 153 ±Ê¶½ 155 ±ÊÔè 158 ±äßô 166 Âè°ì¼¡óÞîþÇ·²Ò 167 ±Ê¹¯ ðÍÄë(ι¨,-189) 167 ·î»á»ÙϬ²Àì«»êÍìÍÛ 168 ·úÇ« 169 ÂèÆó¼¡óÞîþÇ·²Ò 172 ßôÊ¿ 178 ¸÷Ï 184 ¹Ã»Òǯ 184 ÃæÊ¿ 184 ²«¶ÒǷЬµ¯ 189 ¸÷ßô ¾¯Äë(Îíç) ¨¹°ÇÀ²¦ 189 ¾¼Ç« ²¿ÂÀ¹¡(-189)ÕóÀ¯ 189 ±Ê´Á 189 ÃæÊ¿ àÛÄë(ζ¨) Æ¡Âî(-192)ÍÊàÛÄë 190 ½éÊ¿ 194 ¶½Ê¿ 196 ·ú°Â ÁâÁà(-220)ÙÑàÛÄ뼫½Å 200 ´±ÅÏÇ·Ìò,ÁâÁà(-220)ÇËêÏ¾Ò 207 ÎÈ÷(162-223)»°¸Ü³ýת,ÀÁ½ô³ëμ(181-234) 208 ÀÖÊÉÇ·Ù¥,ÎÈ÷(162-223)¹ÜÞ(-252)ÇËÁâÁà(155-220) 219 ¹ÜÞ(-252)»Âïð±©(-219) 220 ±ä¹¯ Three Kingdoms »°Ô¢ (220-280,·×61ǯ) 300 275 250 225 200 ..........*..............*.............*..............*...............*........ <------+ ¸Þ¸Õ½½Ï»Ô¢ (Sixteen Kingdoms, 304-439) <--------------Úé--------------+ (Jin/Chin 265-420) (Wei, 220-265) +---------ò²---------------+ (Shu, 221-265) +---------éæ--------------+ (Wu, 222-280) +--------------¸â---------------------+ (Han, bc206-220) +-------´Á----------> ..........*..............*.............*..............*...............*........ 300 275 250 225 200 Wei ò² (220-265,·×46ǯ) Shu éæ (221-263,·×43ǯ) Wu ¸â (222-280,·×59ǯ) À¾¸µ ò²Ç¯éË ¹ÄÄë éæǯéË ¹ÄÄë ¸âǯéË ¹ÄÄë ---- ------- ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- 220 ²«½é ò²Ê¸Äë(ÁâУ,187-226)¨°Ì 221 ¾ÏÉð éæ¾¼ÎõÄë(ÎÈ÷,162-223)¨°Ì 221 Ä¥Èô(-221)Èﻦ 222 ²«Éð ¸âÂçÄë 222 (¹ÜÞ,-252)¨°Ì 223 ·ú¶½ éæ¸å¼ç(Îã¸,-271) 226 ò²ÌÀÄë(Áâ±Ã,-239) 227 ÂÀÏ 227 ½ô³ëμ(181-234)Õí[½Ð»Õɽ] 228 ½ô³ëμ(181-234)Õí[¸å½Ð»Õɽ] 229 ²«Î¶ 232 ²Å²Ó 233 ÀÄζ 237 ·Ê½é 238 ±äßæ ÀÖ±¨ 239 ò²ó(Áâ˧) 240 Àµ»Ï 244 ¹Ã»Òǯ 249 ²ÅÊ¿ 251 ÂÀ¸µ 252 ¿À˱ ¸âÐò·Î²¦(¹μ) 252 ·ú¶½ 254 Àµ¸µ ò²¹âµ®¶¿¸ø(Áâñø) ¸Þ˱ 256 ´ÅϪ ÂÀÊ¿ 258 ·ÊÍÔ ±Ê°Â ¸â·ÊÄë 258 (¹µÙ,-264) 260 ·Ê¸µ ò²¸µÄë(ÁâÔö) 263 ±ê¶½ éæ¸å¼çÂà°Ì 264 Òùßæ ¸µ¶½ ¸â±¨Äø¸ø(¹â«) 265 ò²¸µÄëÂà°Ì ´ÅϪ 266 ÕïŤ 269 ·ú¹Õ 272 ˱Ñà 275 Å·[xuan1] 276 Å·¼¥ 277 Å·µª 280 ¸â±¨Äø¸øÂà°Ì Jin (Chin) Úé (265-420,·×156ǯ) 600 500 400 300 200 .......*..............*..............*..............*..............*......... <---+ Åâ (Tang/T'ang, 618-907) +-----+ ç¡ (Sui, 581-618) +----------ÆîÄ«----------+ (Southern Dynasties, 420-589) +------------ËÌÄ«-------------+ (Northern Dynasties, 386-581) (Sixteen Kingdoms, 304-439) +----¸Þ¸Õ½½Ï»Ô¢----+ (Eastern Jin/Chin, 317-420) +----ÅìÚé------+ (Western Jin/Chin, 265-316) +--À¾Úé--+ (Three Kingdoms, 220-280) +-»°Ô¢--+ (Han, bc206-220) +----´Á-----> .......*..............*..............*..............*..............*......... 600 500 400 300 200 Western Jin (Chin) À¾Úé (265-316,·×52ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 265 ÂÙ»Ï ÉðÄë(»ÊÇϱê,236-290)¨°Ì 275 ÒùÇ« 280 ÂÀ¹¯ 290 ÂÀßæ تÄë(»ÊÇÏÃï,-306) 290 ±Êßæ ¹Ä¹¡ìË»á(-300)ÕóÀ¯ 291 ±ÊÊ¿ 291 ¸µ¹¯ 300 ±Ê¹¯ Ȭ²¦Ç·Ð¬(300-306)µ¯ 301 ±ÊÇ« 302 ÂÀ°Â 304 ¹Ã»Òǯ 304 ±Ê°Â 304 ·úÉð 304 ±Ê°Â 304 ±Ê¶½ 306 ¸÷ßæ ØçÄë(»ÊÇÏßõ,-313) 307 ±Ê²Å 313 ·ú¶½ ؾÄë(»ÊÇ϶È) Eastern Jin (Chin) ÅìÚé (317-420,·×104ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 317 ·úÉ𠸵Äë(»ÊÇÏâÏ,-321)¨°Ì 318 ÂÀ¶½ 322 ±Ê¾» ÌÀÄë(»ÊÇϾÒ,-325) 323 ÂÀÇ« 325 À®Äë(»ÊÇÏÞ§,-342) 326 ÒùÏ 335 Òù¹¯ 342 ¹¯Äë(»ÊÇϳÙ,-344) 343 ·ú¸µ 344 ËÔÄë(»ÊÇÏ[dan1],-361) 345 ±ÊÏ 353 ²¦æ¼Ç·(303?-361?)Åù27¿Í³«ÍöÄâÇ·Ðò 356 ´¼²¹ËÌȲ,Ã¥²óÍìÍÛ 357 ¾£Ê¿ 361 °¥Äë(»ÊÇÏУ,-365) 362 δÏ 363 ¶½Ç« 364 ¹Ã»Òǯ 365 צÄë(»ÊÇÏÔõ) 365 Æ«Ê¥ÌÀ(365-427)À¸ 366 ÂÀÏ 371 Òù°Â ´ÊʸÄë(»ÊÇÏ[yu4],-372) 372 ¹§ÉðÄë(»ÊÇÏÍË,-396) 373 Ç«¹¯ 376 ÂÀ¸µ 383 [fei2]¿åÇ·Ù¥,¼ÕÀмո¼ÇË¿Á·³ 396 °ÂÄë(»ÊÇÏÆÁ½¡,-418) 397 δ°Â 402 ¸µ¶½ 405 µÁßæ 418 ¶³Äë(»ÊÇÏÆÁʸ) 419 ¸µßæ Sixteen Kingdoms by Five Clans of Barbarians ¸Þ¸Õ½½Ï»Ô¢ (304-439,·×136ǯ) 304 ¹Ã»Òǯ 304 ÎÊ¥(-310)Ô¢éË´Á,ÎÍ˲þ°Ùìä,¨Á°ìä(304-329) 304 À®(´Á)Ω(304-347),¨Á°éæ 319 ÀÐðÕΩ¸åìä(319-350) 324 Á°ÎÃΩ(324-376) 329 Á°ìäÌÇ 337 ÊéÍÆ[huang3]ΩÁ°±í(337-370) 347 À®(´Á)ÌÇ 350 ¸åìäÌÇ 351 çø·òΩÁ°¿Á(351-394) 364 ¹Ã»Òǯ 366 º»ÌçÜÛ[zun3]µ¯Â¤ÆØßêÀз¢ 370 Á°±íÌÇ 384 ¸å¿ÁΩ(384-417) 384 ÊéÍÆ¿âΩ¸å±í(384-409) 385 À¾¿ÁΩ(385-431) 386 ¸åÎÃΩ(386-403) 394 Á°¿ÁÌÇ 397 ÆîÎÃΩ(397-414) 398 Æî±íΩ(398-410) 400 À¾ÎÃΩ(400-420) 401 ËÌÎÃΩ(401-439) 401 Å·¼³Ô¢È·ËàÍ彺(Kumarajiva,343?-413?)ÅþĹ°Â 403 ¸åÎÃÌÇ 407 ²ÆΩ(407-431) 409 Ë̱íΩ(409-436);¸å±íÌÇ 410 Æî±íÌÇ 414 ÆîÎÃÌÇ 417 ¸å¿ÁÌÇ 420 À¾ÎÃÌÇ 424 ¹Ã»Òǯ 431 À¾¿ÁÌÇ,²ÆÌÇ 436 Ë̱íÌÇ 439 ËÌÎÃÌÇ Southern and Northern Dynasties ÆîËÌÄ« (386-589,·×204ǯ) Southern Dynasties ÆîÄ« (420-589,·×170ǯ) Song (Sung) Á× (420-479,·×60ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 420 ±Ê½é ÉðÄë(Î͵,-422)¨°Ì 422 ¾¯Äë(εÁÉä,-424) 423 ·ÊÊ¿ 424 ¹Ã»Òǯ 424 ¸µ²Å ʸÄë(εÁδ,-453) 445 [¸å´Á½ñ]ºî¼Ôç÷Û¡(-452)Èﻦ 452 ¹§ÉðÄë(νÙ,-464) 454 ¹§·ú 457 ÂçÌÀ 464 צÄë(λҶÈ,-465) 465 ±Ê¸÷ 465 ·ÊÏ ÌÀÄë(Î[yu4],-472) 465 ÂÙ»Ï 472 ÂÙЮ ¸åצÄë(Î[yu4],-477) 473 ¸µµ« 477 ¾ºÌÀ ½çÄë(νà) Qi (Ch'i) óî (479-502,·×24ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 479 ·ú¸µ ¹âÄë(é«Æ»À®,-482)¨°Ì 482 ÉðÄë(é«[ze2],-493) 483 ±ÊÌÀ 484 ¹Ã»Òǯ 493 צÄë(髾¼¶È) 494 δ¾» 494 ±ä¶½ ¸åצÄë(髾¼Ê¸) 494 ·úÉð ÌÀÄë(é«óÂ,-498) 498 ±ÊÂÙ Å캪¸ô(é«ÕïÒË) 499 ±Ê¸µ 501 Ã涽 ÏÂÄë(é«ÕïÍ») Liang Π(502-557,·×56ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 502 Å·´Æ ÉðÄë(é«Þ§,-549)¨°Ì 520 ÉáÄÌ °õÅÙãËàÁÄ»Õ(Bodhidharma)ÅìÐÔ 527 ÂçÄÌ 529 ÃæÂçÄÌ 531 [ʸÁª]ºî¼Ô¾¼ÌÀÂÀ»Ò(-531)À 535 ÂçƱ 544 ¹Ã»Òǯ 546 ÃæÂçƱ 547 ÂÀÀ¶ 549 ´ÊʸÄë(髹Ë,-551) 550 ÂçÕï 551 Å·Àµ Ю¾Ï²¦(é«Åì) 552 ¾µÀ» ¸µÄë(é«åè,-554) 554 ÄçÍÛ¸ô(é«Ê¥ÌÀ) 555 Å·À® 555 ¾ÒÂÙ ·ÉÄë(é«èßÃÒ) 556 ÂÀÊ¿ Chen ÄÄ (557-589,·×33ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 557 ±ÊÄê ÉðÄë(ÄÄÛ±Àè,-559)¨°Ì 559 ʸÄë(ÄÄ[qian4],-566) 560 Å·²Å 566 Å·¹¯ Î׳¤²¦(ÄÄÇ콡) 567 ¸÷Âç 568 ÀëÄë(ÄÄ[xu4]) 569 ÂÀ·ú 570 ²ó¶µËÔæ§àÔÆÁ(Muhammad, 570-632)ÃÂÀ¸ 582 ¸å¼ç(ÄĽÇÕï) 583 »êÆÁ 587 Ä÷ÌÀ Northern Dynasties ËÌÄ« (386-581,·×196ǯ) Northern Wei (ËÌ)ò² (386-534,·×149ǯ) Ëòãʸåò²,¸µò² À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 386 ÅÐÔ¢ Æ»ÉðÄë(Âóìí·¾)¨°Ì 396 ¹Ä»Ï 398 Å·¶½ 404 Å·»ò 409 ±Ê¶½ ÌÀ¸µÄë 414 ¿À¿ð 416 ÂÙ¾ï 424 ¹Ã»Òǯ 424 »Ï¸÷ ÂÀÉðÄë 428 ¿À[qi2] 432 ±äÏ 435 ÂÀ±ä 440 ÂÀÊ¿¿¿·¯ 446 ½ÐצÐÇÎá 451 ÀµÊ¿ 452 ¾µÊ¿ Æî°Â²¦ 452 ¶½°Â ʸÀ®Äë(-465) 454 ¶½¸÷ 455 ÂÀ°Â 460 ÏÂÊ¿ 465 àÛʸÄë(Âóìí¹°) 466 Å·°Â 471 ±ä¶½ ¹§Ê¸Äë(Âóìí¹¨,-499) 476 ¾µÌÀ 477 ÂÀÏ 484 ¹Ã»Òǯ 499 ÀëÉðÄë(-515) 500 ·ÊÌÀ 504 Àµ»Ï 508 ±ÊÊ¿ 512 ±ä¾» 515 ¹§ÌÀÄë(¸µ[xu3],-528) 516 ßæÊ¿ 518 ¿Àóý 520 Àµ¸÷ 525 ¹§¾» 528 ÉðÂÙ ¹§è·Äë(¸µÚÁ,-530) 528 ·úµÁ 528 ±Ê°Â 530 ·úÌÀ ·ÉÄë 531 ÉáÂÙ ÀáïÜÄë 531 Ã涽 ½ÐÄë 532 ÂÀ¾» 532 ±Ê¶½ ¹§ÉðÄë(¸µ½¤) 532 ±Êßæ Eastern Wei Åìò² (534-550,·×17ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 534 Å·Ê¿ ¹§ðÐÄë(¸µÁ±¸«)¨°Ì 538 ¸µ¾Ý 539 ¶½Ï 543 ÉðÄê 544 ¹Ã»Òǯ Western Wei À¾ò² (535-556,·×22ǯ) Northern Qi ËÌóî (550-577,·×28ǯ) À¾¸µ ò²Ç¯éË ¹ÄÄë óîǯéË ¹ÄÄë ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- 535 ÂçÅý À¾ò²Ê¸Äë¨°Ì 544 ¹Ã»Òǯ 550 Å·ÊÝ ËÌóîʸÀëÄë¨°Ì 551 À¾ò²×¦Äë 554 À¾ò²¶³Äë Northern Zhou (Chou) (ËÌ)¼þ (557-581,·×25ǯ) À¾¸µ ¼þǯéË ¹ÄÄë óîǯéË ¹ÄÄë ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- 557 (ËÌ)¼þ¹§ïÜÄë(±§Ê¸ë´) 558 (ËÌ)¼þ¹§ÌÀÄë(±§Ê¸ÝÚ) 559 ÉðÀ® ËÌóîצÄë 560 ´¥ÌÀ 560 (ËÌ)¼þÉðÄë ¹Ä·ú ËÌó¾¼Äë 561 ÊÝÄê ÂÀÇ« 562 ²ÏÀ¶ ËÌóîÉðÀ®Äë 565 Å·Åý ËÌóî¸å¼ç 566 Å·Ï 570 ÉðÊ¿ 572 ·úÆÁ 574 ¼þÉðÄë½ÐצÐÇÎá 576 δ²½ 577 ¾µ¸÷ ËÌóîÍļ稰Ì;ƱǯÂà°Ì 578 ÀëÀ¯ (ËÌ)¼þÀëÄë 579 ÂçÀ® 579 Âç¾Ý 579 (ËÌ)¼þðÐÄë Sui ç¡ (581-618,·×38ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 581 ³«¹Ä ʸÄë(ÍÌ·ø,541-604)¨°Ì 587 ²ÊÚª³«»Ï 600 ¸¯ç¡»È(¾®ÌîËå»Ò)Æþç¡ 601 ¿ÎÔè 604 ¹Ã»Òǯ 604 ßìÄë(ÍÌ×¢,569-618) 605 Âç¶È 610 Â籿²Ï½×¹© 617 µÁÇ« ¶³Äë Tang (T'ang) Åâ (618-907,·×290ǯ) 900 800 700 600 500 400 ...........*............*............*............*............*............*.. <---+ Á× (Song/Sung, 960-1279) <----ÎË---+ (Liao, 907-1125) +----+ ¸ÞÂå (Five Dynasties,907-960) +-------+ ½½Ô¢ (Ten Kingdoms, 902-979) +-----------------Åâ------------------+ (Tang/T'ang, 618-907) +-ç¡-+ (Sui, 581-618) (Southern/Northern Dynasties, 386-589) +-------ÆîËÌÄ«-----------> (Jin/Chin, 265-420) Úé +--> ...........*............*............*............*............*............*.. 900 800 700 600 500 400 À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 618 ÉðÆÁ ¹âÁÄ(ÍûÊ¥)¨°Ì 626 ÂÀ½¡(ÍûÀ¤Ì±,600-649) 627 Äçë· ¸¼Ôù(Hsuan Tsang,602-664)°õÅÙ¼èå´(627-645) 638 Ï»ÁÄتǽ(Hui Neng,638-713)À¸ 645 ¸¼Ôù(602-664)²óÍìÍÛÃø[ÂçÅâÀ¾°èµ] 645 ÆüËÜÂç²½³×¿· 649 ¹â½¡(Íû¼£,628-683) 650 ±Êµ« 656 ðý·Ä 661 ζºó 664 ¹Ã»Òǯ 664 ÎÛÆÁ 666 ´¥Éõ 668 åÁ¾Ï 670 Òùµü 674 ¾å¸µ 676 µ·Ë± 679 ĴϪ 680 ±Êδ 681 ³«ÍÔ 682 ±Ê½ß 683 ¹°Æ» Ã潡(Íûðý,-710) 684 »ÌÀ» âϽ¡(Íûö,662-716) 684 ʸÌÀ ¡Ê¼þ¡ËÉð¹¡(Éð§ŷ,Wu Tse-t'ien,625-705) 684 ¸÷Âð 685 ¿âÙÊ 686 ¿ÀÐò(686-760)À¸ 689 ±Ê¾» 690 ºÜ½é 690 Å·¼ø 692 Ç¡°Õ 692 ĹÔè 694 ±äºÜ 695 ëúÀ» 695 Å·??ºÐ 696 èߺÐÅÐÉõ 696 èߺÐÄÌÅ· 697 ¿À¸ù ³Ô»Òµ·(Kuo Tzu-i, 697-781)À¸ 698 À»Îñ 699 ²¦°Ý(Wang Wei, 699-759)À¸ 700 µ×»ë 701 Âç 701 Ĺ°Â »íÀçÍûÇò(Li Po, 701-762)À¸ 705 ¿Àζ Ã潡(Íûðý,-710) 706 ¿À½¨(-706)À 707 ·Êζ 709 ðú¿¿¶ª(709-784)À¸ 710 Åâδ âϽ¡(Íûö,662-716) 710 ·Ê±À 712 ÂÀ¶Ë ¸¼½¡(Íûδ´ð,685-762) ¯ãÊÅâÌÀ¹Ä,ÅâÉð¹Ä 712 ±äÏ »íÀ»ÅÎÊã(Tu Fu, 712-770)À¸ 712 ÀèÅ· 713 ³«¸µ 715 Á½Öª(715-770)À¸ 724 ¹Ã»Òǯ 742 Å·Õï 745 ÍÌÂÀ¿¿(-756)°Ùµ®ÈÞ 747 ¹âÀç¼Ç±óÀ¬À¾°è 754 ïÈ¿¿(687-763)ÉëÆü³«Î§½¡ 755 °Âã³»³(An Lu-shan,703-757)Ь(755-763)µ¯ 756 »êÆÁ æ齡(Íûµü) 758 ´¥¸µ 760 ¾å¸µ 762 ÕïØæ Â彡 763 ×¢ÆÁ 765 ±ÊÂÙ 766 ÂçÎñ 772 Çòµï°×(Po Chu-i, 772-846)À¸ 773 Ìø½¡¸µ(773-819)À¸ 779 ÆÁ½¡(Íû[gua1]·ú,742-805) 780 ·úÃæ 784 ¹Ã»Òǯ 784 ¶½¸µ 785 Ä縵 804 ÆüÁζõ³¤(Kukai,774-835),ºÇÀ¡(Saicho,767-822)¯Åâ»ÈÐÔ²Ú 805 ±ÊÄç ½ç½¡(ÍûëÖ,-806) 805 ·û½¡(Íû½ã,-820) 806 ¸µÏ 808 µíÁÎÕÞ,Íû½¡ïÜóÞ৵¯ 812 ²¹Äí[yun2](812-870)À¸ 813 Íû¾¦ð¬(813-858)À¸ 819 ´ÚÌü(768-824)¾åÁÕ[ÏÀÐǹüɽ] 820 ËÔ½¡(Íû×ñ,-824) 821 Ĺ·Ä 824 ·É½¡(Íû´®,-826) 825 ÕïÎñ 826 ʸÄë(Íû¹·,809-840) 827 ÂÀÏ 836 ³«À® 839 ÆüËܺǸ帯Åâ»ÈÆþÅâ.ð¿ÎÔ. 840 ÉðÄë(Íû[chan2],-846) Ðò¾»×¦ÐÇ(841-845) 841 Ðò¾» 844 ¹Ã»Òǯ 846 ÀëÄë(Íû×Ú,-859) 847 ÂçÃæ 859 Øô½¡(Íû[cui3],-873) 860 ÒùÄÌ 873 Ñ¥½¡(ÍûÑ·,-888) 874 ´¥Éä 875 ²«Áã(-884)Ьµ¯ 880 ×¢ÌÀ 881 ÃæÏ 885 ¸÷[er2] 888 ʸÆÁ ¾¼½¡(ÍûÉÒ,-904) 889 浪 890 Âç½ç 892 ·ÊÊ¡ 894 ´¥Ç« 898 ¸÷²½ 901 Å·Éü 904 ¹Ã»Òǯ 904 Å·Í´ °¥Äë(Íû½Ë) Five Dynasties ¸ÞÂå (907-960,·×54ǯ) Later Liang ¸åΠ(907-923,·×17ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 907 ³«Ê¿ ÂÀÁÄ(¼ëÁ´Ãé,-912) 911 ´¥²½ 913 ËöÄë(¼ëͧÄç,-923) 915 ÄçÌÀ 921 ζÆÁ Later Tang ¸åÅâ (923-936,·×613ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 923 Ʊ¸÷ è·½¡(Íû¸Ҩ,-926) 925 ÌÀ½¡(Íû»Ì¸»,-933) 926 Å·À® 930 Ŷ½ 933 ïÜÄë(Íû×ϸü,-934) 934 Øæ½ç 934 À¶Â٠צÄë(Íû×ϲÑ,-936) Later Jin (Chin) ¸åÚé (936-946,·×11ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 936 Å·Ê¡ ¹âÁÄ(ÀзÉ[tang2],-942) 942 ½ÐÄë(Àнŵ®) 944 ³«±¿ Later Han ¸å´Á (947-950,·×4ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 947 Å·Ê¡ ¹âÁÄ(ÎÃαó,-948) 948 ´¥Í´ ð¬Äë(ξµÍ´,-950) Later Zhou ¸å¼þ (951-960,·×10ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 951 ×¢½ç ÂÀÁÄ(³Ô°Ò,-954) 954 ðýÆÁ À¤½¡(¼ÆÜÆ,-959) ½ÐצÐÇÎá 959 ¶³Äë(¼Æ½¡·±) Ten Kingdoms ½½Ô¢ (902-979,·×78ǯ) 902 ¸âΩ(902-937) 904 ¹Ã»Òǯ 907 Á°éæ(907-925) 907 ¸â±ÛΩ(907-978) 907 Á¿Î©(907-951) 907 Æî´ÁΩ(907-971) 909 [min3]Ω(909-945) 924 ÆîÊ¿(·ÕÆî)Ω(924-960) 925 Á°éæÌÇ 934 ÌÒÃξÍΩ¸åéæ(934-965) 937 Íû[jing3]ΩÆîÅâ(937-975),ÅÔ¶âÎÍ 937 ¸âÌÇ 945 [min3]ÌÇ 951 ËÌ´ÁΩ(951-979) 951 Á¿ÌÇ 958 ¸å¼þ¹Ô¶ÑÅÄË¡ 960 ÆîÊ¿(·ÕÆî)ÌÇ 961 ÆîÅâ(937-975)¸å¼ç(Íû[yu4],937-978)¨°Ì 964 ¹Ã»Òǯ 965 ¸åéæÌÇ 971 Æî´ÁÌÇ 975 ÆîÅâÌÇ 978 ¸â±ÛÌÇ 979 ËÌ´ÁÌÇ Song (Sung) Á× (960-1279,·×320ǯ) 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 ....*...............*................*................*................*.... <-------¸µ---------+ (Yuan, 1207-1367) +--------¶â---------+ (Jin/Chin/Juchen, 1115-1234) +------------À¾²Æ-----------------+(Western Xia/Hsia,1032-1227) (Liao, 907-1125) +-------------ÎË----------------------+ +--------ÆîÁ×----------+ (Southern Song/Sung, 1127-1279) (Northern Song/Sung, 960-1127) +------------ËÌÁ×------------+ (Five Dynasties,907-960) +--------+ ¸ÞÂå (Ten Kingdoms, 902-979) +--------------+ ½½Ô¢ (Tang/T'ang, 618-907) Åâ +-----> ....*...............*................*................*................*.... 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 Northern Song (Sung) ËÌÁ× (960-1127,·×168ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 960 ·úδ ÂÀÁÄ(ì䶩°ý,-976)¨°Ì 963 ´¥ÆÁ 964 ¹Ã»Òǯ 968 ³«Õï 976 ÂÀ½¡(ì䶩µÁ,-997) 976 ÂÀÊ¿¶½Ô¢ 984 ¹Ã»Òǯ 984 ð¶ßæ 988 üÙÊ 990 ½ß²½ 995 »êÆ» 997 ¿¿½¡(ìä×ñ,-1022) 998 ÒùÊ¿ 1004 ·ÊÆÁ Ï·Àð(907-1125)ËÅÏ 1008 ÂçÃæ¾ÍÉä 1017 ¸µã¶ 1022 ´¥¶½ ¿Î½¡(ìäÄ÷) 1022 ¹Ô¸ÂÅÄË¡ 1023 Å·À» 1024 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1032 ÌÀÆ» 1034 ·ÊÍ´ 1038 Õ︵ 1040 ¹¯Äê 1041 ·ÄÎñ 1044 ÏÂÀ¾²Æ(1032-1227)ËÅÏ 1044 ɾºâ¤ÌÀ³è»ú°õºþ(movable type)½Ñ 1049 ¹ÄÍ´ 1049 ç÷²Þ»(989-1052)·ÄÎñ¿·À¯¼ºÇÔ,ÈïìÊ[deng4]½£ 1054 »êÏ 1056 ²ÅÍ´ 1063 ±Ñ½¡ 1064 ¼£Ê¿ 1067 ¿À½¡(ìä[xu4],-1085) 1068 ßæÇ« 1069 ²¦°ÂÀÐ(Wang An-shih, 1021-1086)ÚÎË¡(1069-1085) 1072 ¹ÔÊýÅĶÑÀÇË¡ 1073 ¼þÆØðõ(1017-1073)À 1078 ¸µì´ 1079 ÁÉÅìÔ³(Su Tung-p'o, 1036-1101)Èïìʲ«½£ 1081 »ì¿ÍÍûÀ¶¾È(1081-1141)À¸ 1084 ¹Ã»Òǯ »ÊÇϸ÷(Ssu-ma Kuang, 1019-1086)Ãø[»ñ¼£ÄÌ´Õ] 1084 (Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government) 1085 ů½¡(ìäßè,-1100) 1085 ÂÀ¹ÄÂÀ¹¡¹â»á(-1093)ÙðÀ¯ 1086 ¸µÍ´ 1086 ÁÉÅìÔ³(1036-1101)Ǥ´ÍÎÓÕܻΠ1094 ¾ÒÀ» 1098 ¸µÉä 1100 µ«½¡(ìäÐË,-1135) 1100 ¹ÄÂÀ¹¡¸þ»á(-1101)ÙðÀ¯ 1101 ·úÃæÌ÷Ô¢ 1102 ¿òÇ« 1105 ²«Äí·ø(1045-1105)À 1107 Âçë· 1111 À¯Ï 1112 ¹Ô¸ÂÅÄÌÈÌòË¡ 1118 ½ÅÏ 1119 ÀëÏ 1121 λ³ÇñÁ×¹¾¹ßÁ× 1125 ¶Ö½¡(ìä´¼,1100-1160) 1126 Ì÷¹¯ 1126 Ì÷¹¯Ç·ÚÎ,¶âκÁ׶ֽ¡(1100-1160),µ«½¡(-1135) Southern Song (Sung) ÆîÁ× (1127-1279,·×152ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1127 ·ú±ê ¹â½¡(ìä¹½,1107-1187)¨°Ì 1130 ¼ëßô(Chu Hsi, 1130-1200)À¸ 1131 ¾Ò¶½ 1131 ¿ÁÛØ(1090-1155)ǤºËÁê 1141 ¿ÁÛØ(1090-1155)»¦³ÙÈô(1103-1141) 1144 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1162 ¹§½¡(ìä[Â祽ÌÜ]) 1163 䶽 1165 ´¥Æ» 1165 Á׶âÃÌÏÂ,°Ý»ý40ǯÏÂÊ¿ 1174 ½ßßæ 1189 ¸÷½¡(ìäÆ×) 1190 ¾Òßæ 1194 Ç«½¡(ìäÚ²,-1224) 1195 ·Ä¸µ 1196 ´Ú[tuo1]ÑÉ(-1207)×¼ÔÚ¼ë»ÒÕÜÇÉ 1201 ²ÅÂÙ 1207 ´Ú[tuo1]ÑÉ(-1207)Ȳ¶â 1210 ΦÞâ(1125-1210)À 1204 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1205 ³«ã¶ 1208 ²ÅÄê 1224 Íý½¡(ìä[yun2]) 1225 Õï·Ä 1228 ¾ÒÄê 1234 üʿ 1234 ÎþÌظŷ³ÌǶâ(1115-1234) 1237 ²Åßæ 1241 ½ßÍ´ 1253 ÕïÍ´ 1259 ³«·Ä 1260 ·ÊÄê 1263 ìË»÷Æ»(-1275)¹Ô¸øÅÄË¡ 1264 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1264 ÅÙ½¡(ìä[¥Í´ð]) 1265 Òù½ß 1274 ¶³½¡(ìä[ðý-ÊÇ]) 1275 ÆÁÍ´ 1275 ʸŷ¾Í(-1282)¶Ð²¦ÚªÊ¼ 1276 ·Ê±ê ü½¡(ìä[ÆüÀµ]) 1278 ¾Í¶½ ±Ò²¦(Äë[bing3]) Liao ÎË (907-1125,·×218ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 907 ÂÀÁÄ(ÌíΧ°¤Êݵ¡,-926)¨°Ì,Ô¢éË·Àð(Khitan) 916 ¿Àºý 922 Å·ìÕ 925 ÂÀ½¡(ÌíΧÆÁ¸÷,-947) 926 Å·ðý 937 ²þÔ¢éËÎË 938 ÐòƱ 947 ÂçƱ À¤½¡ 947 Å·ã³ 951 ØæÎñ ËÔ½¡(ÌíΧÌÀ) 964 ¹Ã»Òǯ 969 ÊÝÇ« ·Ê½¡ 979 ´¥µü 982 À»½¡ 983 ÅýÏ Éü²þÔ¢éË·Àð 1012 ³«ÂÙ 1021 ÂÀÊ¿ 1024 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1031 ·ÊÊ¡ ¶½½¡ 1032 ½Åßæ 1055 À¶Ç« Æ»½¡ 1065 Òùð¶ 1066 ²þãÊÎË 1075 ÂÀ¹¯ 1084 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1085 ÂÀ°Â 1095 Ôè¾» 1101 ´¥Åý Å·ã¯Äë(ÌíΧ±äã¶) 1111 Å··Ä 1121 ÊÝÂç 1125 °Ù¶â(1115-1234)ÌÇ Western Xia (Hsi Hsia) À¾²Æ (1032-1227,·×196ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1032 ðýÆ» ·Ê½¡(Íû¸µÚß) leader of the Tangut tribes, 1032 a Tibetan people inhabiting Kansu Province 1034 ³«±¿ 1034 ×¢±¿ 1036 Âç·Ä 1038 Å·¼øã¹Ë¡±ä㯠1048 µ£½¡ 1049 ±ä»ÌÇ«Ô¢ 1050 Å·Í´¿âÀ» 1053 Ê¡À»¾µÆ» 1057 [che3]ÅÔ 1063 Ùʲ½ 1069 ´¥Æ» ت½¡ 1071 Å·»òã¹À¹Ô¢·Ä 1076 Âç°Â 1084 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1086 ¿ò½¡ 1086 Å·°Âã¹Äê 1087 Å·µ·¼£Ê¿ 1090 ŷ̱ͤ°Â 1099 ±Ê°Â 1102 Äçë· 1115 ð¶Ç« 1120 ¸µÆÁ 1127 ÀµÆÁ 1135 ÂçÆÁ 1139 Âç·Ä ¿Î½¡ 1144 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1144 ¿Í·Ä 1149 Å·À¹ 1171 ´¥Í¤ 1194 Å··Ä ´¼½¡(Íû½ãÍ´) 1206 ØæÅ· ê÷½¡(Íû°ÂÁ´) 1210 ¹Ä·ú 1211 ¸÷Äê ¿À½¡(Íû½å[xu4]) 1223 ´¥Äê àÛ½¡ 1226 Õï·Ä Íû[xian4] 1227 °Ù¸µ(1206-1367)ÌÇ Jin (Chin, Juchen) ¶â (½÷¿¿) (1115-1234,·×120ǯ) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1115 ÚÀÔ¢ ÂÀÁÄ(´°ðú°¤¸ÅÂÇ,1069-1123)¨°Ì 1117 Å·Êå 1123 Å·Ðò ÂÀ½¡(´°ðú¸â¸ðÇã,-1135) 1125 ÌÇÎË(907-1125) 1135 ß潡(´°ðúй,-1149) 1138 Å·âÇ 1141 ¹ÄÅý 1144 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1149 Å·ÆÁ Äëμ(´°ðúμ) 1153 Ä縵 1156 ÀµÎ´ 1161 ÂçÄê À¤½¡(´°ðúË«) 1188 ¾Ï½¡(´°ðú[jing3],-1208) 1190 ÌÀ¾» 1196 ¾µ°Â 1201 ÂÙÏ 1204 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1208 ±Êß» 1209 Âç°Â 1212 ¿ò·Ä 1213 »êÇ« À뽡(´°ðú[xun2],-1224) 1213 ÄçÍ´ 1217 ¶½Äê 1222 ¸µ¸÷ 1223 °¥½¡(´°ðú¼é½ï) 1224 ÀµÂç 1232 ³«¶½ 1232 Å·¶½ Yuan ¸µ (1206-1367,·×162ǯ) 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 ........*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... <-----+ À¶ (Qing/Ch'ing,1616-1911) +---------------ÌÀ----------------+ (Ming, 1368-1644) (Yuan, 1207-1367) +-------¸µ--------+ (Jin/Chin/Juchen, 1115-1234) +-----¶â------+ (Western Xia/Hsia, 1032-1227) +-------À¾²Æ-----------> (Liao, 907-1125) +---ÎË-----> (Song/Sung, 960-1279) +-----------Á×--------------> ........*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1206 ÂÀÁÄ(À®µÈ»×´À,Genghis Khan,-1227)¨°Ì 1227 ÌÇÀ¾²Æ(1032-1227) 1229 ÂÀ½¡(ãÝïèÂæ´À,-1241) 1234 ÎþÆîÁ×(1127-1279)ÌǶâ(1115-1234) 1241 ³¤Ì¼º 1246 Ä꽡(µ®Í³´À,-1248) 1248 ³¤Ì¼º 1251 ·û½¡(ÌØÓ§´À,-1259) 1260 ÃæÅý À¤ÁÄ(¹úɬÎõ,Kublai Khan, 1215-1294) 1264 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1264 »ê¸µ 1271 ¨ÃæÔ¢Äë°Ì,ÄêÔ¢é˸µ 1274 Âè°ì¼¡À¬Æü 1275 ÇϲÄÇÈÍå(Marco Polo,1254-1323)ˬ²Ú 1279 ÌÇÆîÁ×(1127-1279) 1281 ÂèÆó¼¡À¬Æü 1292 ÇϲÄÇÈÍå(1254-1323)Î¥²Ú 1294 À®½¡(1267-1307) 1295 ¸µÄç 1297 ÂçÆÁ 1307 É𽡠1308 »êÂç 1311 ¿Î½¡ 1312 ¹Ä·Ä 1314 ±äÍ´ 1320 ±Ñ½¡ 1321 »ê¼£ 1323 Ú齡 1324 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1324 ÂÙÄê 1328 Ã×Ï ŷ½çÄë 1328 Å·Îñ ʸ½¡ 1329 ÌÀ½¡ 1329 ʸ½¡ 1330 »ê½ç 1332 Ç«½¡ 1333 ¸µÅý ½çÄë(Togon-tem, 1320-1370) 1335 »ê¸µ 1335 צ»ß²ÊÚª 1341 »êÀµ 1345 ÎË(907-1125),¶â(1115-1234),Á×(960-1279)Àµ»ËÕíÀ® 1351 ´Ú»³Æ¸(-1351),ÎÊ¡ÄÌ(-1363)¹È¶ÒǷЬ(1351-1366)µ¯ Ming ÌÀ (1368-1644,·×277ǯ) 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 ........*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... <------À¶---------+ (Qing/Ch'ing,1616-1911) +--------------ÌÀ-----------------+ (Ming, 1368-1644) (Yuan, 1207-1367) +-------¸µ--------+ (Jin/Chin/Juchen, 1115-1234) +---¶â-----> (Western Xia/Hsia, 1032-1227) +--À¾²Æ---> (Song/Sung, 960-1279) +------Á×-------> ........*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1368 ¹¿Éð ÂÀÁÄ(¼ë¸µàø, Chu Yuan-chang, 1328-1398)¨°Ì 1370 Äê²Êڪˡ 1380 ¸Õ°ÔÍǹöµ¯,צ»ßºËÁê 1381 ¹ÔΤ¹ÃÀ© 1384 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1384 ºÆÄê²ÊÚª¼è»ÎÀ© 1398 تÄë(¼ë°ô[wen2],1377-1402?) 1399 ·úʸ 1402 À®ÁÄ(¼ëܨ,1360-1424) 1402 Êý¹§¼ô(-1402)Èﻦ 1403 ±ÊÜÛ 1405 Å¢ÏÂ(Cheng Ho, 1371-1435)¼·¼¡²¼À¾ÍÎ(1405-1433)»Ï 1420 Ë̵þÀßÅì¾³ 1421 Á«ÅÔË̵þ 1424 ¿Î½¡(¼ë¹âßõ,-1425) 1425 ¹¿ßæ À뽡(¼ëìØ´ð,-1435) 1426 ÀëÆÁ 1435 ±Ñ½¡(¼ë··ÄÃ,1427-1464) 1436 ÀµÅý 1444 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1449 ÅÚÌÚÔÈÇ·ÚÎ,±Ñ½¡(1427-1464)ÈïÌظŷ³ÐÚ 1449 ·ÊÄë(¼ë··[yu4],1428-1457) 1450 ·ÊÂÙ 1457 Å·½ç ±Ñ½¡(¼ë··ÄÃ,1427-1464) 1464 ·û½¡(¼ë¸«¿¼,-1487) 1465 À®²½ 1487 ¹§½¡(¼ëÍ´[tang2],-1505) 1488 ¹°¼£ 1504 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1505 Éð½¡(¼ë¸ü¾È,1491-1521) 1506 ÀµÆÁ 1506 ²¦ÍÛÌÀ(1472-1529)ìʵ®½£ 1521 À¤½¡(¼ë¸ü[zong3],1507-1566) 1522 ²ÅÌ÷ 1550 Ìظŷ³Ô£Ë̵þ 1563 ÑÁÂçͲ,ÀÌåë¸÷(-1587)±÷Ê¡·úÇËÏÁÕä 1564 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1566 ËÔ½¡(¼ëºÜ[¹¡¹©],-1572) 1567 δ·Ä 1570 ÄùÌó¾µÇ§ÌظÅÕôTurkestanÏÂÀ¾é¶½¡¼çÜÞ 1572 ¿À½¡(¼ëæÄîâ,1563-1620) 1572 Ä¥µïÀµ(-1582)°Ù¼óÊå 1573 èßÎñ 1578 Íû»þÄÁÃø[ËÜÁð¹ËÌÜ](Great Pharmacopoeia)ÌäÀ¤ 1580 Ä¥µïÀµ(-1582)¾æÎÌÅÄÀ¦ 1592 Æü˿ý¨µÈ(Toyotomi Hideyoshi,1536-1598)½ÐʼīÁ¯ 1604 ¸Ü·ûÀ®(1550-1612)½Å·úÅìÎÓ½ñ±¡ 1620 ¸÷½¡(¼ë¾ïÍì,-1620) 1620 ÂÙ¾» ßô½¡(¼ëͳ¹»,1605-1627) ´±ÕáǷ৵¯ 1621 Å··¼ 1623 ò²Ãé¸(1568-1627)°ÙÅ쾳Ĺ´± 1627 »×½¡(¼ëͳÜý,1611-1644) 1628 ¿òÄ÷ À¾ËÌÂçµ²¹Ó,Íû¼«À®(1605-1645)Ьµ¯ 1630 êÏ¿òßå(-1630)Áøâù·º 1642 ¹¿¾µáƹßÀ¶ 1644 Íû¼«À®(1605-1645)ïüË̵þ Qing (Ch'ing) À¶ (1616-1911,·×296ǯ) 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 ....*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... <-----+ Ãæ²Ú¿Í̱¶¦ÏÂÔ¢ (P.R.China, 1949-) <---------+ Ãæ²Ú̱Ԣ (R.O.China, 1912-) +--------------À¶-------------------+ (Qing/Ch'ing,1616-1911) (Ming, 1368-1644) +---------ÌÀ-------------> ....*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 À¾¸µ ǯéË ¹ÄÄë È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1616 Å·Ì¿ ÂÀÁÄ(Åؼ¤ÒýÀÖ,Nurhachi, 1559-1626)¨°Ì 1624 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1626 ÂÀ½¡(¹ÄÂÀ¶Ë,-1643) 1627 Å·æâ 1636 ¿òÆÁ 1643 À¤ÁÄ(Ê¡Î×,1638-1661) 1644 ½ç¼£ ÌÀ(1368-1644)ÌÇ 1650 ÙðÀ¯²¦Â¿¼¤êÑÀÂ(Dorgon,1612-1650) 1650 Å¢À®¸ù(Koxinga, 1624-1662)°Ê¶âÌçÖüÌç°ÙÚ¡óÚ 1661 À»ÁÄ(¸¼[ye4],1654-1722) 1662 ¹¯ßæ 1662 ¸â»°·Ë(1612-1678)¹¶ÌËÒ´»¦·Ë²¦(±ÊÎñÄë,-1662) 1673 »°ÈÍǷЬ(1673-1681)µ¯ 1678 ¸â»°·Ë(1612-1678)À 1683 »Üà湶ÂæßÔ,Å¢¹î[shuang3]Åê¹ß 1684 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1716 [¹¯ßæ»úŵ]ÌäÀ¤ 1722 À¤½¡(°ý[zhen1],1678-1735) 1723 ñÜÃà³ÆÃÏ´ðÆĶµÑ£¶µ»Î 1723 ð¶Àµ 1725 [¸Åº£Ô¦½ñ½¸À®]ÌäÀ¤ 1735 ¹â½¡(¹°Îñ,1711-1799) 1735 [ÌÀ»Ë]ÌäÀ¤ 1736 ´¥Î´ 1744 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1782 [»Í¸ËÁ´½ñ]ÌäÀ¤ 1796 ²Å·Ä ¿Î½¡([yong2][yan3],1760-1820) 1796 ÇòÏ¡¶µÐ¬(White Lotus Rebellion,1796-1804)µ¯ 1799 ÏÂ[shen1](-1799)¼«»¦ 1804 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1811 ¶Ø»ß´ðÆĶµÑ£¶µ 1814 ²ÏÆî,°Âµ«Ç±·³(1815-1868)µ¯ 1815 ¶Ø³ûÊÒ 1820 À뽡(ÚáÇ«,1782-1850) 1821 Æ»¸÷ 1839 ÎÓ§½ù(1785-1850)ßö³ûÊÒ 1839 òíÊÒÙ¥à§(1st Opium War, 1839-1842) 1850 ʸ½¡(Ôõ[¸À[zhu4]],1831-1861) 1851 Òùì´ 1851 ¹¿½¨Á´(1814-1864)À®Î©ÂÀÊ¿Å·Ô¢ 1851 (Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace, 1850-1864) 1852 Á½Ô¢ÈÍ(1811-1872)ÁȾŷ³ 1856 ±ÑË¡Îþ·³(2nd Opium War, Arrow War, 1856-1860) 1861 ËÔ½¡(ºÜ½ß,1856-1875) 1861 »üã¶(Tz'u-hsi, 1835-1908)¿âÎ÷æåÀ¯³«»Ï 1862 Ʊ¼£ 1864 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1865 Íû¹ã¾Ï(Li Hung-chang, 1823-1901)Ω¹¾ÆîÀ½Â¤¶É 1874 ÆÁ½¡(ºÜ[tian2],1871-1908) 1875 ¸÷½ï 1889 ¸÷½ï(1871-1908)¿ÆÀ¯³«»Ï 1894 ÃæÆü¹Ã¸áÇ·Ù¥(1894-1895) 1898 ÊêØüÚÎË¡ 1900 µÁÏÂÔ¥»ö·ï(Boxer Rebellion) 1906 צ²ÊÚª 1908 ÀëÅýÄë(Þðµ·, Henry P'u-i, 1906-1967) 1909 ÀëÅý 1911 ²«²ÖÖ¾»ö·ï Republic ̱Ԣ (1911-) 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 ....*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... <-----+ Ãæ²Ú¿Í̱¶¦ÏÂÔ¢ (P.R.China, 1949-) <---------+ Ãæ²Ú̱Ԣ (R.O.China, 1912-) +--------------À¶-------------------+ (Qing/Ch'ing,1616-1911) (Ming, 1368-1644) +---------ÌÀ-------------> ....*...........*...........*...........*...........*...........*....... 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 Republic of China (in mainland China) Ãæ²Ú̱Ԣ (1911-) À¾¸µ ǯéË åÁÅý È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1912 ̱Ԣ ¹Ã滳(Sun Yat-sen, 1866-1925)·úÔ¢ 1912 êÏÀ¤³®(Yuan Shih-k'ai, 1859-1916) 1914 Âè°ì¼¡À¤³¦ÂçÙ¥(1914-1918)µ¯ 1916 ¹Ã滳(1866-1925) 1917 ¸âÃÕÚö(1865-1953)ÊÔ[Ô¢²»»úŵ] 1919 ¸Þ»Í±¿Æ°(the May Fourth Movement) 1922 ¸ÕŬ(1891-1962)¿ä¹ÔÇòÏÃʸ±¿Æ° 1924 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1924 Ô¢¶¦Âè°ì¼¡¹çºî 1924 ²«Ô¾·³¹»ÀßΩ 1925 ¹Ã滳(1866-1925)À 1928 ¾ÕÃæÀµ(Chiang Kai-shek, 1887-1975) 1928 ÆîµþԢ̱À¯ÉÜ(Nationalist Government)À®Î© 1929 η¼Ä¶(1873-1929)À 1930 ÂæßÔ̸¼Ò»ö·ï 1932 ÞལԢÀ®Î©(1932-1945) 1932 ¾å³¤»öÚÎ 1936 À¾°Â»öÚÎ(Sian Incident) 1937 ÕôÆü¹³Ù¥(1937-1945)³«»Ï 1937 Ô¢¶¦ÂèÆ󼡹çºî 1937 ÆîµþÂçÅË»¦(Nanking Massacre) 1940 ÝêÀº±Ò(Wang Ching-wei, 1883-1944)ÆîµþÀ¯ÉÜÀ®Î© 1942 ¹°°ìÂç»Õ(Íû©Áú, 1880-1942)À 1943 ³«ÍåÐòµÄ(Cairo Conference) 1946 Ãæ²Ú̱Ԣ·ûË¡Ä̲á 1946 Ô¢¶¦ÆâÙ¥µ¯ 1947 ÂÀµõÂç»Õ(1890-1947)À 1947 ÂæßÔÆóÆóȬ»ö·ï Republic of China (in Taiwan) 1949 Á«ÅÔÂæËÌ 1975 Óî²È[tu2] ¾ÕÃæÀµ(1887-1975)À 1978 ¾Õå´Ô¢(Chang Ching-kuo, 1910-1988) 1984 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1987 ÎÂÕ齩(1902-1987)À 1988 ¾Õå´Ô¢(1910-1988)À 1988 ÍûÅе±(Lee Teng-hui, 1923-) People's Republic of China Ãæ²Ú¿Í̱¶¦ÏÂÔ¢ (1949-) À¾¸µ ǯéË ¼çÀÊ È÷Ãð ---- ---- ---- ----- 1949 ÌÓß·Åì(Mao Zedong, 1893-1976)·úÔ¢ 1958 ÂçÌö¿Ê(Great Leap Forward) 1959 µõ±ÀÂç»Õ(Xu Yun, 1858-1959)À 1966 ʸ²½Âç³×Ì¿(Cultural Revolution, 1966-1977) 1971 ÎÓɸ(1907-1971?)À 1976 ¼þ²¸ÐÔ(Zhou Enlai, 1898-1976)À 1976 ÌÓß·Åì(1893-1976)À 1976 ²ÚÔ¢Êö(Hua Guofeng, 1920-) 1981 [deng4]¾®Ê¿(Deng Xiaoping, 1904-1996) 1982 ºÎ²þ³×³«ÊüÏ©Àþ 1984 ¹Ã»Òǯ 1987 ìä»çÍÛ(Zhao Ziyang, 1919-) 1989 Å·°ÂÌç(Tiananmen Square)»ö·ï 1989 ¹¾ß·Ì±(Jiang Zemin, 1926-) 1996 [deng4]¾®Ê¿(Deng Xiaoping, 1904-1996)À Reference: 1.¿Á°ÊÁ°ÅªÇ¯É½(chronology)³Æ²ÈÀâË¡ÉÔ°ì,¶ÏÚ¡²¼Îó»ñÎÁºîɽÎó: "http://www.edu.tw/clc/dict/html/fulu/fumain.htm" Ô¢¸ìíæŵ̱ԢȬ½½Ï»Ç¯(1997)Æó·îÈÇíæŵÉíÏ¿ ÉíÏ¿°ì:ÃæÔ¢ÎòÂ嵪ǯɽ ÉíÏ¿Æó:ÃæÔ¢ÎòÂåÄ벦ǯɽ ÉíÏ¿»°:ÃæÔ¢ÎòÂåǯé˺÷°úɽ 2."http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/time_line.html" Chinese History Timeline 3."http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinhist.html" Chinese Dynastic History Compiled from Compton's Living Encyclopedia on America Online (August 1995) 4."http://www-lj.eb.com:82" Britannica Online Search 5.ÄĽؿÃÃø,"ÃæÔ¢¤ÎÎò»ËÂè15ÒËǯɽ,Îò»ËÃÏÔ¦,º÷°ú",Ê¿ËÞ¼Ò,1983 6.¿ÛˬµÁ½ã,Ãæ[»³Ä»]δé¶ì£,"ÂçЫÐÇŵÃæÔ¢ÆüËÜÊÓ14¹âÁÎÑ£",Ãæ±û¸øÏÀ¼Ò,1991 7."http://210.61.183.99/bin/open98.exe/read?database=inksoon&book=a22&block=4" °õ½çƳ»Õ,"°õ½çƳ»ÕÁ´½¸,ÐǶµ»ËÃϹÍ,»Í,ÏÀÐÇÌÇŪǯÂå",1957 bc1029-bc949, bc1027-bc947 ÃæÔ¢¸ÅÀâ,¸µò²ÆÞ̵ºÇ±÷520ǯڡ[¼þ½ñ°Ûµ]Äó½Ð -bc589,-bc587 ¼âÍö,ÌËÒ´ÀâË¡ -bc546,-bc544,-bc543 -bc544°ÙÀ¤³¦ÐǶµÅÌͧµÃÐòÂè»°ÕüÂçÐòÄ̲á -bc498,-bc496 ÆîÑ£ÐǶµ(¼âÍö)¸ÅÀâË¡,Ú¡[Á±¸«Î§ÈûÇ̺»] -bc390,-bc387,-bc384 ËÌÑ£ÐǶµ([ji4]ÉÐ)ÀâË¡,Ú¡[°¤°é²¦Ñ£] (Shakyamuni,bc1029?-bc950?,bc469?-bc390?)À 8."http://www.xys.org/pages/ehistory.html" History Collection at Xin Yu Su 9.´³»Ù·×»þË¡·¸ 'ÍøÍѽ½Å·´³µÚ½½ÆóÃϻٰͼ¡ÁêÇÛ¡¤À®°Ù°ÊÏ»½½°Ù¼þ´üŪ½øÚ˵ϿǯºÐŪÊýË¡¡£°Í ½ø×Ϲûҡ¢²µ±¯¡¢ÊºÆÒ¡¢Ãú±¬¡¢¡Ä¡Ä»ê⣰硤¼þ¼©Éü»Ï¡£ÝÖÂåËÎíæÖáÍÑ´³»ÙµªÆü ¡¤¿Á´Á°Ê¸åºÍÍѰʵªÇ¯¡¢·î¡¤Ê°ÊÃϻٵª»þ¡£' °Ê¾å°úÍѼ«,Ô¢¸ìíæŵ̱ԢȬ½½Ï»Ç¯(1997)Æó·îÈÇ,"http://www.edu.tw/clc/dict" ½½Å·´³: ¹Ã ²µ ʺ Ãú Êê ¸Ê ¹® ¿É ¿Ñ ⣠½½ÆóÃÏ»Ù: »Ò ±¯ ÆÒ ±¬ ä ̦ ¸á ̤ ¿½ ÆÓ Øü °ç 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 »þ䵯 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 »þ佪 ÁÍ µí ¸× ÌÈ Î¶ ¼Ø ÇÏ ÍÓ àÍ ·Ü ¶é ì· 0. ¹Ã»Ò ²µ±¯ ʺÆÒ Ãú±¬ Êêä 5. ¸Ê̦ ¹®¸á ¿É̤ ¿Ñ¿½ â£ÆÓ 10. ¹ÃØü ²µ°ç ʺ»Ò Ãú±¯ ÊêÆÒ 15. ¸Ê±¬ ¹®Ã¤ ¿É̦ ¿Ñ¸á â£Ì¤ 20. ¹Ã¹® ²µÆÓ ÊºØü Ãú°ç Êê»Ò 25. ¸Ê±¯ ¹®ÆÒ ¿É±¬ ¿Ñä â£Ì¦ 30. ¹Ã¸á ²µÌ¤ ʺ¿½ ÃúÆÓ ÊêØü 35. ¸Ê°ç ¹®»Ò ¿É±¯ ¿ÑÆÒ â£±¬ 40. ¹Ãä ²µÌ¦ ʺ¸á Ãṳ́ Ê꿽 45. ¸ÊÆÓ ¹®Øü ¿É°ç ¿Ñ»Ò ⣱¯ 50. ¹ÃÆÒ ²µ±¬ ʺä Ãú̦ Êê¸á 55. ¸Ê̤ ¹®¿½ ¿É½¶ ¿ÑØü ⣰ç Îò»Ë¾åŪ¹Ã»Òǯ 1984,1684,1384,1084,784,484,184,b117,b417,b717,b1017,b1317,b1617,b1917 1924,1624,1324,1024,724,424,124,b177,b477,b777,b1077,b1377,b1677,b1977 1864,1564,1264, 964,664,364, 64,b237,b537,b837,b1137,b1437,b1737,b2037 1804,1504,1204, 904,604,304, 4,b297,b597,b897,b1197,b1497,b1797,b2097 1744,1444,1144, 844,544,244,b57,b357,b657,b957,b1257,b1557,b1857,b2157 ============================================================================== You are welcome to download and add new information for your site's use. 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